Le Corbusier

The house is a machine for living in. -Le Corbusier suffer 14 at Weissenhof http//mpdrolet. tumblr. com/pos/34901891099/weissenhof-estate-le-corbusier-peter-gossel. As with many other architects of his time, Le Corbusier was fascinated with the Industrial Age. The Industrial Age brought a multitude of impudent materials for architects to work with, as well as new processes to utilize these revolutionary materials. Le Corbusier sought to coalesce these new ideas into his 5 points towards a new architecture. The five essential points set out preceding(prenominal) represent a fundamentally new aesthetic. Nothing is left to us of the architecture of past epochs (Conrads, 1970, p. 100) By combining the newly readily available materials of make and concrete with the process of mass production Le Corbusier invents a house that embodies a machine. No longer is the house simply a decorative container to come through in. The house that utilizes Le Corbusiers 5 points actively works to imp rove the lives of its inhabitants just as any successful machine of the Industrial Age.As seen in House 14, all attention is focused on satisfying the 5 points and consequentially superfluous ornament is disregarded. Rather the building as a whole could be described a monument to the Industrial age. The clean-cut corners and lines evoke a sense of the ordered factory and sharp contrasts remind viewers of the positive and shun results of Industrialism. Industry, overwhelming us like a flood which rolls on towards its destined ends, has furnished us with new tools changeed to this new epoch, animated by the new spirit. (Conrads, 1970, p. 61) Corbusiers idea of the new spirit is evident in his 5 points. The new machine house improves peoples lives by helping them adapt to and live in the boisterous times of the Industrial Age. The roof of the house is covered in a roof garden to give its inhabitants a bewilder to relax from the incessant clamor of the new age. The house is set off t he ground on pilotes to separate the inhabitant from the dirty byproducts of Industrialism.This sense of cleanliness is also emphasized in the whitewashed walls giving a sense of purity and sanitation. Economic law necessarily governs our acts and our thoughts. (Conrads, 1970, p. 61) As with any mass produced machine, cost is an issue. Corbusier had to settle for exploitation the relatively cheap materials of stucco over brick to allow his house to be mass-produced. Le Corbusier revolutionized the house into an efficient machine with his 5 points. Economic law inevitably governs our acts and our thoughts. (Conrads, 1970, p. 61)

Fictional Research About CCTV Cameras Essay

This report evaluates the social impact of the installation of Closed circle Television (CCTV from nowadays on) cameras in our neighbourhood. These cameras have been placed by the local government with the intention of lowering abhorrence rates. Participants filled a questionnaire, and this report is ground on their feedback.Positive effectsIts been a month since the installation of the cameras, and they have already paid off as a great disapprove system. Misdemeanours such as hold-ups have lowered by 25%, whereas sexual assaults have lowered by an astounding 78%. People say that they emotional state safer and protected now.Negative effectsHowever (and paradoxically), volume dont want to be observed 24/7 by the government. 75% of the population feel mildly uncomfortable about being watched all day, but think that this is still a good measure, while another 10% do not agree at all with this system. Among the people who dont care about the constant surveillance, 2/3 are the eld erly people (60+ years old). On the other hand, the most reluctant people to the CCTV camera system are between 15 and 25 years old, about the 64% of them. This group has protested against the system, even resorting to vandalize and destroy the cameras.ConclusionsMost people in the area think of the CCTV cameras as a necessary evil, and think that their children are now able to go out without the fear of being assaulted, of something even worse. Most of them dont like being observed, specially young people, but and a few are really upset about this fact.RecommendationsThe best solution, given the local response (and the fact that the area was conflictive enough to force the government to install the cameras), would be for the government to send more police to the area, both to protect the cameras and to enforce local laws. This should lead to a further lowering of crime rates.

Kunta Kinte and Gustavus Vassa 2

The essential topic of black people hi tale is the continuous fight to defeat the barrier of race, and the actuality of unequal cultural individuality between black and white people. This racial bifurcation has created parallel realities or racial universes, in which blacks and whites may interact closely with one another, but perceive amicable reality in dramatically different ways (Gordon 2003).Blacks still suffer from discrimination trying to overcome all the difficulties and forget about their terrible preceding(a) sla real. However the past cant die and there are historical masterpieces that remind people about their past experience. Literature is the main sources of them. On the example of the life of two slaves the given paper will prove that the life of every slave was very much alike, almost the same, because of the lack of any(prenominal) opportunity for slaves to make their life outstandingThe life of Kinta KunteAlex Haley is the author of the novel Roots The Saga of an American Family Kinta Kunte is the main caseful of this novel. The movie Roots was created based on the book. This work is considered to be a faction that is a combination of both historical data and creative piece of music. Some plot is taken from a writing called The African written by Harold Courlander. The main character of Roots The Saga of an American Family, Kunta was caught and taken as a slave to Annapolis, physician. Soon plantation holder from battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse County bought him (Gordon 2003).In Maryland a monument to Kunta Kinte was created. It is one of a small number of memorials in the whole world to have the account of a real existed African slave. There are some other monuments like the monument of Zumbi from Palmares Quilombo (a Negro and the leader of revolution) and the monument of Bussa.The memorial of Kunta Kinte represents Alex Haley, manuscript on his knee, narrating his familys history to deuce-ace kids. In a disreputable event, the Kunta Kinte statue was stolen in a very short period after its putting in place in 1981. It was not found and was restores indoors several months. But the new one was also stolen. A monument of Alex Haley telling the story to the kids is in its place (Gordon 2003).The author started his narration with Kuntes birth. The main character of the novel was born in the rural community called Juffure in The Gambia in 1750. Kunte was the first of four children of the fighter Oumaru and his wife Binta. As his father was a soldier Kuntes was brought up in very strict conditions and became a good warrior (Gordon 2003).In 1767, when the young fighter went to the wood to create a drum, he was caught by a group of people. Kunte woke up and realized that he became a captive of the white people. Haley shows how they disgrace the young soldier. Kunte and other captives are taken on a go for a terrifying three month trip to the United State. (Williams 2001)There were 140 captives of the board of th e ship, but only 98 remained alive after the trip. Kunte was among them. When they came to Maryland the young black soldier was sold to a white man who gave him a new name Toby to his shock. For the rest of his life Kunte was dreaming of independence and making attempts to run away. Once he was caught and the part of his foot was taken out. He married slave women Bell Waller and had a kid by name Kizzy. Unhappily, Kizzy was sold to another plantation. Years later Kizzy got to know that her father died, she came to his grave, crossed the name Toby and wrote her fathers real name Kinta Kunte. (Williams 2001)The rest of the story is about the life of Kizzy and Alex Haley telling about their distress, losses and final victory in America.The life of Gustavus VassaThe character of Kinta Kunte is symbolic his story tells us the story of many slaves that is usually the same and not interesting and distinguished. The life of the given character is very much alike the life of Olaudah Equiano kn witness as Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001)According to his own narration, Olaudah Equiano was born in Essaka not far from the River Niger. His father was a respected man in the village. People in the village were plain, had rest and happy life. When he was very young he was caught exactly like Kinta Kunte and sold to slavery. He never saw white people before.Equiano had many brothers and a sister, a super happy family. Her sister was caught together with him. Equiano was re-sold several cadences he was not demanded because of small height. At eventually he was taken to Virginia, where he was bought by a man who decided to call his Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001)In contrast to Kinta Kunte who has only one nickname Toby Equiano was presented with new names by his owners many times. Notwithstanding that, this time a black man rejected the new one and courageously informed his new possessor that he wanted to be called Jacob. Pascal punished the salve and left him in shackles u ntil he agrees to take the name he thought out for him. Equiano wrote that he had to except the new name at last in order to be freed. The cause of the somewhat strange selection of name for a slave is mysterious. (Williams 2001)In his autobiographical work, Equiano describes the unacceptable treatment of slaves who worked in houses of their owners in Virginia. They went through a number of abnormal types of punishment and traditions like the application of so-called iron muzzles around the mouth of the slave make him quiet which prevented him from normal sleeping and eating. The story expresses the fear and shock Equiano went through in his new surroundings thinking that the eyes on wall were tracing him and a clock could tell his master everything about the mistakes he made in his work. (Williams 2001)ConclusionThe conclusion can be made that the lives of two slaves are very much alike. Both of them were born in small villages, than stolen. That explains their great desire to beco me free they were not born slaves, so it was extremely unacceptable for them to face in such conditions. Both of them lost their real names, suffer almost the same punishments. It is useless to look for the differences comparing the life of two slaves. The age of slavery ended but it has its own consequences. Race as a communal construction makes up its own internal logic and social expressions of pain, irritation, and disaffection within different societies. (Reid-Pharr 1999)SourcesGordon, Dexter B. Black Identity Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale, IL Southern Illinois University Press, 2003.Reid-Pharr, Robert. Conjugal Union The Body, the House, and the Black American. New York Oxford University Press, 1999.Williams, Vernon J. Racial Essentialism A Case of historical Continuity and Discontinuity in the Social Sciences. The Western Journal of Black Studies 25.4 (2001) 202.

Beer’s Law Problem Set Essay

Beers Law Problem Set bound 2013 1. Calculate the absorbances corresponding to the following values of the percentage of transmitted light (Provide your final answer with terzetto decimal places) a. 95% b. 88% c. 71% d. 50% e. 17.5% f. 1% 2. A solution of a multiform (1.0mM) was placed in a spectrophotometer cuvette of light path 1.05cm. The light transmission was 18.4% at 470nm. Determine the hoagie extinction coefficient. Include units in your answer. 3. The torpedo extinction coefficient of reduced NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphophate) at 340nm is 6220 L/ wallcm. 3ml of solution containing 0.2 micromoles of NADH were placed in a cuvette of 1.05cm light path. Calculate the percentage light transmission of this consume at 340nm. 4. 3ml of a solution containing both the oxidized and reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD and NADH, respectively) was placed in a 1.0cm spectrophotometer cuvette.The absorbance at 340nm (at which only the reduced form is measured) was 0.207. The absorbance at 260nm (which measures both the oxidized and reduced forms together) was 0.900. The wedge extinction coefficient of NADH is 6220 L/molecm, and the molar extinction coefficient at 260nm is 18,000 L/molecm. Calculate the molar concentrations of oxidized and reduced forms of the nucleotide in the mixed solution. 5. A mixture of ortho, meta, and conservation of parity cresoles dissolved in cyclohexane may be analyzed spectrophotometrically because all(prenominal) exhibits an absorption in a region where absorption collect to the other cresols is negligible. The absorption maxima occur at 752nm, 776nm, and 815nm for ortho, meta, and para cresols, respectively. To test the validity of Beers Law for solutions of cresols, for each one is made up in cyclohexane at a series of concentrations and the absorbances measured. Data obtained are recorded down the stairs Ortho Meta ParaConcentration (g/100ml) 0.25 0.50 1 2Absorbance (at 752nm) 0.120 0.23 5 0.465 0.820Concentration (g/100ml) 0.60 1.15 2.35Absorbance (at 776nm) 0.115 0.220 0.460Concentration (g/100ml) 0.50 1 2.1 3.15Absorbance (at 815nm) 0.09 0.2 0.415 0.60An unknown mixture of the troika cresols in cyclohexane was analyzed and the percentage of light negligent at 752, 776, and 815nm was 27.5, 50, and 41 respectively. Determine the concentration of each cresol and the percentage of the final mixture. (Calculate your answer using 3 decimal places) (Hint if 20% of the light is absorbed by the sample, then 80% is transmitted. Percent absorbed does not equal Absorbance. Also, the table of data preceding(prenominal) should be used to generate a graph. How would this help you?) Answers 1) a. 0.022 b. 0.056 c. 0.149 d. 0.301 2) 700 L/molecm 3) 36.7% 4) NAD= 16.7uM , NADH= 33.3uM 5) ortho 0.259g/100ml 8.697% meta 1.549g/100ml 52.014% para 1.170g/100ml 39.288%e. 0.757f. 2.00

Plato: Knowledge Essay

We all pass on to learn new things in life day in by day out interminably increasing our noesis is essential to sustain mans life path on this flat coat. experience can be sought in different behaviors precisely to truly seek companionship, nonpareil has to read, understand done experience and believe what the backchat of God says close faith. Acquiring companionship by our five senses and faith, both give us insight on competing ways of getting at the truth. A person who reads, write and believes in the word of God will become rich with knowledge but the latter will not.Moreover, in order to achieve knowledge, one has to be taught it or teach him or herself (because humans are not born with the ability of knowing they must acquire it) through and through thoughtfulness and reasoning through faith. Different views exhibit on how knowledge is achieved. virtuoso may say through common sense and observation, while another may say through teachers and peers. According to t he philosopher Plato in Platos Allegory of the Cave, Certain professors of fosterage must be wrong when they say that they can stick knowledge into the nous which was not there before, like sight into blindness.The power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being. In making this comment, this Greek philosopher argues that, everyone has the capacity to learn because knowledge is premise in the soul thus we all can acquire knowledge and perception by recollecting and putt together what in fact the soul already knows.Plato is right that humans render the aptitude to obtain knowledge, but he seems on more dubious ground when he claims that knowledge is already point in ones soul. I acknowledge this to be unconvincing because humans seek program l ine to learn something which they didnt already know. For example an adolescent may ponder upon why the hairs on his accouterments and legs sour very short while the opposite occurs on his or her head. But through an education in biology in his or her later years, he or she will come to find out that each hair follicle on ones body part will grow different depending on where it is located on the body part.The young adolescent never had this knowledge about hair follicles till he was taught it. So therefore, knowledge doesnt already exist in the soul. One has to gain it in order to have it but we all have the ability to achieve it if we put in effort. In regards to observation, reasoning through faith must also be looked into to fully win the knowledge that is essential to lead the best life and attain happiness. Observations only gives us half of the knowledge we need to acquire, faith gives us the rest.In Scullys view from the X-Files, As much as I have my faith, Father, I am a scientist, trained to weigh evidence. But science only teaches us how not why. In other words, Scully is aspect that, knowledge without faith leads us only half way we have to come full circle in order to completely gain absolute knowledge. I agree that this statement is lawful because without faith, ones knowledge is worthless. For example, before Copernicus, most scientists believed that the earth was the revolve around of the universe, thus the sun revolved around the earth.But through faith and reasoning, Copernicus came to conclude that it was rather the earth that revolved around the sun, making the universe we live in heliocentric and his jurisdiction is held to be true till this day. The two concepts go hand in hand one cannot achieve absolute knowledge without faith and reasoning/observation. In order to achieve knowledge through faith, we must walk through the ways of our spiritual leader. In The Francis Trilogy of Thomas of Celano, Thomas of Celano writes, AhInclined and strengthened by the Holy enliven the blessed servant of the Most High, seeing that the appointed time was at hand, followed that blessed impulse of his soul. Thus, as he trampled upon worldly things, he made his way to the greatest good. In other words, Thomas of Celano is saying that, St. Francis detached himself from matters of the world by following Christ, who fortified him with the Holy Cross and the Holy Spirit enable him to transform his worldly ways to resemble the will of God, thus St. Francis gained his faith through the knowledge of the word of God.In order for St. Francis to have faith, he had to have knowledge of God, which he acquired through his experience postulation God for enlightenment and through the visions he had that directed his will to Gods. Reason and faith leads to wisdom and knowledge, without it, the knowledge that one acquires is corrupt and useless. Others may disagree saying that one can still have knowledge without faith, but knowledge withou t faith leads you nowhere because you still havent really gained full understanding of the subject matter.

Air Cargo Forecasts: The MergeGlobal Forecast

The MergeGlobal forecast entitled watertight Climb speaks of the stemma freight tonnage emergence after the traffic boom of 2004, following geezerhood of stagnation in 2002 and 2003 because of the dot-com bubble and collapse in technological spending in 2001 (Clancy & Hoppin, 2006, p.65).After the orbiculate traffic boom came the slow but positive growth since 2005 until 2010 (Clancy & Hoppin, 2006, p.65). What we ask therefore, is how long it would take sooner the next downturn of growth identify begins again.MergeGlobal, however, forecasts that Global traffic growth is most likely to maintain and to piano accelerate over the next five years (Clancy & Hoppin, 2006, p.65). Because of sustained economic growth in northernmost America, Europe, and Japan, there would be an additional demand in world intercontinental air freight, while change magnitude metric tons by 3.0% from 2000 to 2005, and by 6.4% from 2005 to 2010 (p.65).Industrial goods production from North America and Europe would be transported to Asia via air freight because of persistent congestion and delay problems in the ocean transport system, and thus, creating a positive stir and effect to the world intercontinental air freight.As indicated above, the absence of a downturn would lead to a deepen average growth rate that is 6.4% that is double the growth rate from 2000 to 2005.This is more than twice the forecasted growth rate in 2000, and slightly above the long-term growth trend of the air cargo tonnage. As indicated too, the bingle most important driver of air freight traffic growth is consumption growth, broadly thrifty by Gross Domestic Product (p.66).Because there appears to be sustained positive GDP growth in the worlds most important air freight regions (except China), then it is presumed that, consistent with the historic patterns of the globe, the air freight tonnage is expecting steady growth until 2010.Majority of the new traffic is expected to boom in the Asian regions fo r trade and industry. This includes Australia and the Indian subcontinent while Mexico is put in the Latin America category.ReferenceClancy, B., & Hoppin, D. (2006, August). Steady near MergeGlobal forecasts accelerating intercontinental air freight demand growth through 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2009, from the MergeGlobal database http//www.mergeglobal.com/articles/2006-08_Steady-Climb_Article.pdf.

Amy Tan – Mother Tongue

English 101 Mother Tongue Amy Tan makes a valid straits about the use of different Englishes that ar spoken in different places and to certain pack. What one says may sometimes vary based on the person, situation, or pull downt as well. How one communicates and what they pick up on happens in the spot and other people see them differently based on the itinerary they speak. Different languages become difficult to translate as well because there isnt always a similar word in the translating language. Many people can relate to this story in the view that everyone has their own way of speaking and others make them timbre inferior with their speech.Some people may pretend barrier saying certain spoken language and those who speak well may downsize the verbally handicapped. This is a great shew that relates well to this day and time. Tan relates to her own experiences to compare how people think and to how society sees them. She believed her get under ones skin to be illite rate because she spoke improper or broken English and other people looked down on her for it. She was laughed at and often times not taken seriously because, being an immigrant with a strong Asian background, her English wasnt as proper as others.Amy Tan grew up taking calls for her return and impersonating her on the phone so her mother did not sound so illiterate while trying to glide by with superiors or people who owed her money. This strategy was soon found out however, when Mrs. Tan had to speak to these people in person. Amy believed, her mothers English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretend not to go out her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. (142) Society has the need to be perfect and if someone speaks imperfectly, then they are often treated unfairly. Lan guages spoken in the home and often picked up at school threw peers. The kinsfolk is the base for keep an eye oning. Amy Tan came from an immigrant family where no one knew how to speak proper English. This in turn, made it hard to learn the correct way of speaking especially when learning. The first step of speaking the proper way is to fill out how everyone else speaks as well as the way they move to what is said to them.Once someone recognizes that there is a unlikeness in the way they speak, in comparison to the rest of society, and how they are treated, they become aware of how they can reassign their English. They must first start by paying attention to people around them how they act and react to the way things are said to them. Different englishes vary based on surrounds. When someone is at work, they have a particular way in which they talk to different people consumers, superiors, and fellow co-workers.While changing to a different situation at home, one would probab ly not talk to their parents the same way that they would acute accent with a sibling. School seems to be the safe place to speak ones mind, with their peers of course. Speaking to teachers would likewise differ from being with friends or speaking with strangers. Englishes vary based on group or environment because the people who are being spoken to need to be able to fully understand what is spoken. Amy and her mother experienced this as well. She states, Some of my friends tell me they understand 50 percent of what my mother says.Some say they understand 80 to 90 percent. Some say they understand none of it, as if she were speaking Chinese. But to me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. Its my mothers tongue. (141) Growing up with her mother, Amy became given up to the way her mother spoke, everyone interprets a languages differently based on their own perspective. Amy Tan believes that with growing up in an immigrant household and her mother being her ro le model, speaking broken English in the home negatively impacted her academically. I think my mothers English almost had an effect on limiting my possibilities in life as well. I do think that the language spoken in the family plays a large role in shaping the language of the child (143) Tan claims that her I. Q. and S. A. T lashings where hindered by improper English in the household. What Amy states makes sense in the aspect that everyone learns to speak the language they where raise with. Peers influence your speech, but your home life defines it. When you hear a language all your life, it becomes the way you speak as well.When one grows up with a language, they dont think to question it. Need of profit does not even become an idea until you connect that the way you speak reflects the way you speak to a point. The use of different Englishes is so natural that few people are aware of any change in our language, but it has become so natural for people to alter their speech in a way that is comfortable for everyone and so that it can be better understood. Our vocabulary and ideas change to better accommodate any given environment and differs for all groups of people as well peers, family, superiors, and clients.The environment one grows up in begins shaping the language of each individual in the household. It becomes second nature and many people do not become aware of differences in speech until a later age. Speaking differently from other people can be a rough challenge and no one deserves to feel inferior because they are different. Some people may have difficulty saying certain words and those who speak well may degrade these people which should not be socially accepted. This is an easy look for to relate to when you can observe the way others interact with each other.