Black Women and the Abolition of Slavery Free Essays

â€Å"Rachel Weeping for Her Children†: Black Women and the Abolition of Slavery by Margaret Washington Photograph of Sojourner Truth, 1864. (Gilder Lehrman Collection) During the period leading up to the Civil War, black women all over the North comprised a stalwart but now largely forgotten abolitionist army. In myriad ways, these race-conscious women worked to bring immediate emancipation to the South. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Women and the Abolition of Slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anti-slavery Northern black women felt the sting of oppression personally. Like the slaves, they too were victims of color prejudice; some had been born in Northern bondage; others had family members still enslaved; and many interacted daily with self-emancipated people who constantly feared being returned south. Anti-slavery women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman were only the most famous of the abolitionists. Before either of these heroines came on the scene and before anti-slavery was an organized movement, black women in local Northern communities had quietly turned to activism through their church work, literary societies, and benevolent organizations. These women found time for political activism in between managing households, raising children, and working. In the late 1820s, Zion’s African Methodist Episcopal Church in New York City, Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, and the African Meetinghouse in Boston were centers of female anti-slavery activity. Black women proclaimed that their cause was â€Å"let the oppressed go free. † They organized bazaars to promote the purchase of goods made from free labor, met in sewing circles to make clothing for those fleeing bondage, and raised money for Freedom’s Journal, the nation’s first black newspaper. In 1830, when Boston editor William Lloyd Garrison proposed his idea of publishing a newspaper devoted solely to immediate emancipation, a committee of black women began raising funds for it. The first copy of the Liberator appeared on January 1, 1831, with strong financial backing from black women. At their literary-society meetings, black women switched from reading European classics to discussing the Liberator and anti-slavery pamphlets, and inviting male speakers to expound on the evils of slavery. Throughout the 1830s, black women engaged heavily in activism. They vowed to â€Å"heed the enslaved mothers’ cry for children torn away† and designated their dwellings as â€Å"free homes† for those fleeing bondage. For example, Hester Lane of New York City, a successful black entrepreneur, used her home as an Underground Railroad station. Lane also traveled south to purchase enslaved children whom she freed and educated. Mary Marshall’s Colored Sailors’ Boarding Home was another busy sanctuary. Marshall kept a vigilant eye out for refugees from bondage, and was determined that â€Å"No one who had the courage to start should fail to reach the goal. † Other black women organized petition drives, wrote anti-slavery poetry, hosted traveling abolitionists, and organized fairs. By 1832, black women had formed the first female anti-slavery society in Salem, Massachusetts. They also held executive offices in biracial female anti-slavery societies in Philadelphia, Boston, and elsewhere. Anti-slavery black men insisted that black women work only behind the scenes, but women sometimes refused to do so. In New York City, a group of black women confronted white authorities in a courtroom where several self-emancipated women were about to be returned to bondage. Black men accused the female protesters of bringing â€Å"everlasting shame and remorse† upon the black community and upon themselves. In 1831, black women in Boston organized the African American Female Intelligence Society. This organization became a forum for Maria Stewart, the first woman to speak publicly against slavery. Stewart proclaimed that she was called by God to address the issues of black emancipation and the rights of black women. â€Å"We claim our rights,† she asserted, â€Å"as women and men,† and â€Å"we are not afraid of them that kill the body. † Stewart also published a pamphlet in the Liberator on behalf of black women and the enslaved, but Boston’s black male community censored Stewart for her public expressions and forced her into silence. She soon left the city. Although she never again spoke publicly, she remained active through women’s organizations and conventions. She joined other black women who held office, served as delegates, and otherwise participated in the biracial women’s anti-slavery conventions in 1837, 1838, and 1839. The anti-slavery movement took a more progressive turn in the 1840s, when the American Anti-Slavery Society (Garrisonians) welcomed women as officeholders and speakers. Most black women continued their quiet anti-slavery work, but some were outspoken. The first black woman to take the public stage for the American Anti-Slavery Society was Sojourner Truth. Born into slavery in 1797 among the Hudson Valley Dutch and emancipated in adulthood, Truth was already known as a preacher when she joined the Garrisonians in 1844. She made anti-slavery speeches throughout New England, and in 1845, gave her first address at the American Anti-Slavery Society’s annual convention. Sojourner Truth became known from Maine to Michigan as a popular and featured anti-slavery speaker. Truth published a Narrative of her life and used the proceeds to purchase a home and finance her abolitionist work. Another surge of radicalism occurred in 1850 with the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. It decreed that any citizen could be enlisted in the service of a slaveholder to capture an enslaved person, and it nullified the individual civil rights that a state guaranteed its citizens, including those formerly enslaved. That same year, Harriet Tubman, a thirty-year-old self-emancipated Marylander, began defying the Fugitive Slave Law by leading enslaved men, women, and children out of the South. With slave catchers lurking everywhere and a price on her head, Tubman safely conducted her charges through the Northern states and on to Canada. Mary Ann Shadd (Cary) was a twenty-five-year-old freeborn schoolteacher when the Fugitive Slave Law was passed. Inspired by her father, whom she described as a â€Å"chief breakman† on the Delaware Underground Railroad, Shadd soon moved to Canada and established herself as a militant abolitionist, influential emigrationist, and the first black woman newspaper editor (of the Provincial Freeman). In 1854, twenty-eight-year-old Frances Ellen Watkins (Harper) joined Sojourner Truth on the Garrisonian lecture circuit. Born into a well-connected Baltimore family, Watkins was a poet and teacher. She was drawn into the abolitionist struggle by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which rescinded the restrictions on slavery in the remaining territories acquired under the Louisiana Purchase. Watkins traveled throughout the Midwest, sometimes with Sojourner Truth. Watkins spoke eloquently of the wrongs inflicted upon her people; she sold her books of poetry at anti-slavery lectures and used the proceeds to support the Underground Railroad. In 1858, Watkins joined black male leaders in Detroit and led a large group of angry citizens in storming the jailhouse. The group attempted to remove from protective custody a black â€Å"traitor† to their cause, who had intended to expose the operations of the Underground Railroad. Despite the Fugitive Slave Law, the Underground Railroad remained the â€Å"heart’s blood† of black resistance. Black woman abolitionists played a vital role in this work. They were often the ones who intercepted refugees; who provided them with food, clothing, shelter, health care, and spiritual and psychological comfort; and who directed them to the next station. Women sometimes confronted slave catchers and kidnappers, who were often right on the heels of the â€Å"fugitives. Caroline Loguen, the wife of Syracuse, New York, abolitionist the Reverend Jermain Loguen, answered many a midnight knock during her husband’s frequent absences. Once she and her sister successfully fought off slave catchers attempting to enter her home in pursuit of â€Å"fugitives. † In 1858, Anna Murray Dougla ss, wife of black leader Frederick Douglass, hosted John Brown, the famous white abolitionist, for a month. Brown was in hiding after having been charged with murdering pro-slavery farmers in Missouri. In the Douglass home, Brown perfected his plans for the raid on Harpers Ferry. In an 1859 meeting with Brown in Maryland just before the assault on Harpers Ferry, Douglass gave him ten dollars from the wife of a Brooklyn couple, the J. N. Gloucesters, who like Douglass himself were close to Brown. Along with the money, Mrs. Gloucester â€Å"sent her best wishes. † When Brown was captured, tried, and sentenced to death, black woman abolitionists sent money to his wife, Mary, and wrote letters expressing their deep regard for her husband. Frances Ellen Watkins also sent gifts as well as one of her poems, â€Å"Bury Me in a Free Land,† to Brown’s condemned men. During the antebellum era, black woman abolitionists moved, in keeping with the urgency of the times, from quiet activism to militancy. By 1858, even Sojourner Truth, the archpacifist, recognized that war with the South was inevitable if black people were to obtain their freedom. Black women furthered the goal of emancipation during the Civil War by continuing their abolition work. Harriet Tubman offered her services to the Union Army. Sojourner Truth lectured throughout the Midwest, where she confronted threatening pro-slavery (so-called â€Å"Copperhead†) mobs. Black women organized petition campaigns to Congress and the president; they sent food and clothing to the Union front lines for destitute blacks; and they went into Union-occupied areas to provide education for black refugees. After the Emancipation Proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863, black women immediately began working on the next phase of their mission—the task of uplifting their race as a free people. Margaret Washington is a professor of history at Cornell University. Her publications include Sojourner Truth’s America (2009) and A Peculiar People: Slave Religion and Community-Culture among the Gullahs (1998) How to cite Black Women and the Abolition of Slavery, Essay examples

History of Australia

Question : What is the History of Australia ? Answer : Introducation Mining in Australia in the Broken Hill region dates back to the 19th Century when suddenly the mines were discovered. Broken Hill is located far west of New South Wales(Spry, 2007). BHP Billiton constitutes the worlds largest mining company located in the area. Broken Hill has often been referred to as The silver City, Capital of the Outback and Oasis of the West. It has been Australias longest-lived mining city and it was named as Barrier Range by Charles Sturt. The area contains a massive orebody that dates back to 1,800 million years and has zinc, silver, lead mineral deposits. Figure 1 : Mining Broken Hill Source : (australianminesatlas.gov.au, Retrieved on 13th December 2016) The shape of the orebody is like a boomerang plunging into the earth outcropping from its center. Miners often refer the orebody as the Line of Lode and an unque mineral along with existing ones that has been discovered in the area is Nyholmite(Battellino, 2010). The scope of the report analysis the impact of such mining activities on physical, social and environmental surroundings of the region. Descripition and discovery of mineral Broken Hill historically was home to Wiljakali Indigenous Australians, who survived the region inspite of lack of water resources. Their main dependence was on underground source of water and wells. With Surveyor General of New South Wales, Major Thomas Mitchell being in the area as first white settler in 1841 exploration and development in the region began(Plimer, 2006). Charles Sturt in search on inland water source came across and named Broken Hill as Barrier Range. Charles Rasp in 1883 founded mineral deposit in the region that tested came to be discovered as being silver and lead. He set up Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) and BHP Billiton in the region to extract ores from the region. Upon further exploration and discoveries in the region due to the limitedness of the ore steel production was started. Apart from these companies Perilya Limited was also into mines exploration along the Line of Lode. Historical mining events and initial miners The Battle of Broken Hill is a landmark event in the region where Afghan men fired trainload on people. The area has one of the richest labor trade union with certain bitter industrial disputes fought over Broken Hill. The subsequent disputes in the region led to the establishment of the Barrier Industrial Council in 1923 with a group of 18 trade unions(Lyle, 2006). Broken Hill consisted of highest deposits of lead, zinc and silver that is on a state of depletion. Yet the extraction amounts for two million tons on an annual basis. While Broken Hill was exploited by small prospectors employed on the gossan. Ore was initially carted by means of camel trains, pack mules and wagons. The demographics and business in the area took turn when silver was discovered. Open-pit mining was initially followed from 1885 ill 1898 with silver being locally smelted. Lead, zinc and silver from 1898 till 1915 was developed by means of concentrates made overseas, post which concentrates were made in Aust ralia(Mudd, 2007). As mining transformed in the 20th century with the formation of companies, there was a shift from small prospectors to large companies. The two giant company set up BHP Billiton and Broken Hill Proprietary Company set up highly efficient bulk underground mechanized mining techniques. Mining in the region did not initiate by skilled tradesmen however, as activities in the region grew it got transformed to form a high sophisticate system. The central lode of Broken Hill was depleted from 1940s which led to production shifting to north and south ends. In 1950s properties included in the area were North Broken Hill Limited, The Zinc Corporation Limited, Broken Hill South Limited and New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited. There was major production and extraction of Zinc. Broken Hill South Limited ended its operations in 1972, leases for the company was acquired by Minerals and Mining and Metallurgy Limited. Pasminco Limited undertook leases of Zinc Corporation Limited as well as New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited. Environmental physical and social impacts of mining Mining has brought immense prosperity to Australia with having a considerable share in the GDP of the country. Mining has generated immense investment that has reflected as growth and output in the GDP(Spry, 2007). Figure 2 : Mining Industry Investment from 1994-2014 Source : (rba.gov.au, Retrieved on 13th December 2016 ) Mining has been generator of employment in the region that has again contributed to GDP growth and economic development of overall Australia. Historical trends depicts that mining has been the major cause of immigration into Australia. Figure 3 : Employment by Industry Source : (rba.gov.au, Retrieved on 13th December 2016 ) The country was generates high amounts of income from exports of metals and ores. But mining has been associated with severe health and environmental impacts(Boreland, 2008). Mining has resulted in deforestation of the Broken Hill region that has further reduced ground water in the area. Water resources depletion resulted in subsequent erosion and pollution in the area significantly. Pollution from mine smelters have had serious health impacts in the adjoining areas. Broken Hill has experienced significantly high levels of lead in bloods of children as well as adults. Further due to the containment of such high amounts of resources in the area, it has been accustomed to high levels of contaminations in water of the area. Rise in diseases and costs of living from lack of water reservoir has made living conditions tougher for indigenous people(Boreland, 2006). There has been significantly high associated respiratory diseases also associated with such mining activities in Australia. In 1895, data reveals that 1 in 50 miners were impacted due to lead poisoning. Study conducted in 1991, estimates that 80% children under 5 years of age had higher levels of lead in their blood that governmental limits. Lead Education program in 1990s tested several children 5 years for levels of lead in their blood(Mackay, 2013). There were also remedial actions taken to reduce high levels of ceiling dust or garden soils to reduce lead. Zinc mining exposed children to higher risks and had developmental disorders compared to national average. Children who were exposed to high levels of toxic dust, air, water, soil pollution from zinc dust had lowest literacy levels also numeracy scores. High levels of such toxic metals hampers growing brain and such damage cannot be reversed. Due to continues mining in Broken Hill region 50% children had excess levels of lead and Caucasian children were at risks. Lead neurotoxin once inhaled or absorbed affects nervous systems in children. Figure 4 : Children's Literacy Skill who were exposed to Zinc and Lead Source: (theconversation.com, Retrieved on 14th December 2016) Revelations brought into the city The city was isolated until mining activities in the region started and Adelaide narrow gauge railway link was established in 1888(Spry, 2008). The South Wales Government was not allowed by New South Wales Government to set up railway connections across border. The last part of railway tracks was however completed by a private company Silverton Tramway. The railway track was laid to transport concentrates and ores from ores to smelters as well as port on the coast of Port Pirie, South Australia. The railway also transported timber and coal used for underground mining activities. Prior to 1940s mining was mostly done using hand tools that involved high labor use with horse drawn carts. With diesel coming into being mining equipment was mechanized(Heimann, 2009). With mechanization of mines workforce gradually declined and that led to shrinking of mining leases. Low metal prices in 1990s led to failure of Pasminco Ltd. and later recovering of such prices led only Perilya Limited surviv ing. Mining has high exposure to vagaries and with shrinking population and isolation of Broken Hill. Broken Hill is gradually evolving to promote itself as an artistic credentials and tourism destination to reduce its reliance on mining. Multiple mines in the remote areas Broken Hill has a traditional company town as Roxby Downs. Thus, the town is supported by activities from mining and majority people in the area are employed with the mines to earn their livelihood. The town has school administrative offices, hospitals that are supported by companies itself. Mining in entire of Australia generates approximately $138 billion annually which is approximately half of total goods and services produced. Contribution from mining constitutes to 6-7% of the economies GDP which is far higher than any other industry or services or agriculture. Employing a workforce of 187,400 people with 599,680 in supporting industries, the industry constitutes a 2% workforce of the total employed(Mudd, 2010). Broken Hill has a town dominated by mining activities that have provided source of direct as well as indirect employment opportunities. Conclusion Mining in Australia, especially in the Broken Hill region dates back to the 19th Century with English exploring and developing the region. Mining in the area still continues at a considerable high rates and yield high levels of incomes from indigenous usage as well as exports. While mining is associated to generating positive impacts on the society and economy as a whole by job generation and income generation, it has several ill-effects as well. Mining in the region has been associated with serious health related disorders and the young generation in the region are most at risks. Due to mining activities deforestation and pollution is also on the rise that has its negative impacts on the society. Thus, the mining has several impacts that can be debated to understand its broader scope. References australianminesatlas.gov.au, Retrieved on 13th December 2016. Broken Hill Mining. https://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/mapping/mineral_differences.html. Battellino, R., 2010. Mining booms and the Australian economy.RBA Bulletin, March, pp.63-69. Boreland, F. and Lyle, D.M., 2006. Lead dust in Broken Hill homes: Effect of remediation on indoor lead levels.Environmental research,100(2), pp.276-283. Boreland, F., Lesjak, M.S. and Lyle, D.M., 2008. Managing environmental lead in Broken Hill: a public health success.New South Wales public health bulletin,19(10), pp.174-179. Heimann, A., Spry, P.G., Teale, G.S., Conor, C.H. and Leyh, W.R., 2009. Geochemistry of garnet-rich rocks in the southern Curnamona Province, Australia, and their genetic relationship to Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization.Economic Geology,104(5), pp.687-712. Lyle, D.M., Phillips, A.R., Balding, W.A., Burke, H., Stokes, D., Corbett, S. and Hall, J., 2006. Dealing with lead in Broken Hilltrends in blood lead levels in young children 19912003.Science of the total environment,359(1), pp.111-119. Mackay, A.K., Taylor, M.P., Munksgaard, N.C., Hudson-Edwards, K.A. and Burn-Nunes, L., 2013. Identification of environmental lead sources and pathways in a mining and smelting town: Mount Isa, Australia.Environmental Pollution,180, pp.304-311. Mudd, G.M., 2007. An analysis of historic production trends in Australian base metal mining.Ore Geology Reviews,32(1), pp.227-261. Mudd, G.M., 2010. The environmental sustainability of mining in Australia: Key mega-trends and looming constraints.Resources Policy,35(2), pp.98-115. Plimer, I.R., 2006. Manganoan garnet rocks associated with the Broken Hill PbZnAg orebody, Australia.Mineralogy and Petrology,88(3-4), pp.443-478. rba.gov.au, Retrieved on 13th December 2016. Mining Investment Australia. https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2014/sp-so-211114.html. Spry, P.G., Heimann, A., Messerly, J.D. and Houk, R.S., 2007. Discrimination of metamorphic and metasomatic processes at the Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Australia: rare earth element signatures of garnet-rich rocks.Economic Geology,102(3), pp.471-494. Spry, P.G., Plimer, I.R. and Teale, G.S., 2008. Did the giant Broken Hill (Australia) ZnPbAg deposit melt?.Ore Geology Reviews,34(3), pp.223-241. theconversation.com, Retrieved on 14th December 2016. Children literacy skills experiencing high levels of zin and lead. https://theconversation.com/australian-children-exposed-to-toxic-mining-metals-do-worse-at-school-48343.

The Impact Of Sexual Abuse Reaches All Levels Of A Childs Emotions. Th

The impact of sexual abuse reaches all levels of a childs emotions. These emotions and the effects are listed below: Confusion: This is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually question, "What is going on?" and " Is this right or wrong?". For a young child these types of questions can be an emense burden on their physcological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experience a tremnedous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are recieving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done. The question, "Is this right or wrong?" posses the greatest conflict within the childs mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insits it is okay, taking advantage of the childs mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the conf usion which goes through a childs mind. "Since I was a little ten year old child, I had to deceive and hide from the world and my mother that my father tooka sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that art of deceit? First you put me in a situation that had to be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecy...As a tenold child, what was I supposed to do? You are an intelligent man you figure out the options available to a ten year old in that position." (Rush, 1980) The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: They feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore they are responsible and it should continue. They felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasureable. They somehow deserved and/or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self?esteem has diminshed and they have no more answers for what is happenning. "A nine year old girl had a nightmare and went to her fathers room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her . The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now felt she deserved for it to continue." (Landau, 1990) This fictional example helps to further illustrate the final 2 points which were presented above. The guilt hits the child so hard that they are unable to clearly see reality. Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Often when the mother is told about the abuse she will not want to believe the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasons for why the mother may pass guilt: 1) she may feel inequipped to challange the husbands domination in any area of life therefore she shes passes the husbands faults and looks at the child. 2) The mother doesn't want to lose her husband. She does not want to give up the security provided by her husband and will block out the abuse. The Impact Of Sexual Abuse Reaches All Levels Of A Childs Emotions. Th The impact of sexual abuse reaches all levels of a childs emotions. These emotions and the effects are listed below: Confusion: ? `` ?This is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually question, "What is going on?" and " Is this right or wrong?". For a young child these types of questions can be an emense burden on their physcological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experience a tremnedous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are recieving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done. ? ?The question, "Is this right or wrong?" posses the greatest conflict within the childs mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insits it is okay, taking advantage of the childs mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the confusion which goes through a childs mind. ? ? ? ?"Since I was a little ten?year?old child, I had to deceive ?(#(#K ?and hide from the world and my mother that my father took? ?a sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that? ?art of deceit? First you put me in a situation that had to? ?be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecy...As a ten ?year?old child, what was I supposed to do? You are an ?(#(#K ?intelligent man?you figure out the options available to a ?(#(#K ?ten?year?old in that position." (Rush, 1980)? ' P(P(P( Guilt: ? ?The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: ? They feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore? ? they are responsible and it should continue.7 ? ? ? ? ? ? They felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasureable. ? ? ? They somehow deserved and/or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self?esteem has diminshed and they have no more answers for what is ? F ? ? ? happenning. ? ?"A nine?year?old girl had a nightmare and went to her? ?fathers room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her. ? ?The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going? ?to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now? ?felt she deserved for it to continue." (Landau, 1990) ? ? ? ?This fictional example helps to further illustrate the final2 points which were presented above. The guilt hits the child sohard that they are unable to clearly see reality. ? ?Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Oftenwhen the mother is told about the abuse she will not want tobelieve the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasonsfor why the mother may pass guilt: 1) she may feel inequipped tochallange the husbands domination in any area of life thereforeshe shes passes the husbands faults and looks at the child. 2) The mother doesn't want to lose her husband. She does not wantto give up the security provided by her husband and will blockout the abuse. ? ?

Expressing an Opinion in German

Expressing an Opinion in German If youve got an opinion, the German language has a ton of ways to express it. Not all are as straight forward as Ich stimme zu  (I agree). Some are phrases and idioms you need to memorize to carry on a natural-sounding conversation.   Here are some common ways to your opinion in German.   Expressing Agreement and Disagreement Das ist zweifelhaft.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   That is doubtful.Das stimmt (nicht).  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   Thats (not) right.Da haben Sie (Un)Recht. –   You are (not) right.Das finde ich auch. –   I think so, too.Sie haben (nicht) recht. –   You are (not) right.Da bin ich ganz Ihrer(anderer) Meinung. –   I completely (dis)agree with you.Ich teile Ihre Meinung. –  I share your opinion.Natà ¼rlich/Selbstverstndlich (nicht)!  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Of course (not)!Darà ¼ber sind wir uns einig.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Were in agreement with that.Genau/Eben. – Exactly.Da stimme ich mit Ihnen à ¼berein. – I completely agree with you.Da muss ich widersprechen.  I have to disagree with that.Ganz und gar nicht.  Not at all/Absolutely not.  Keinesfalls. – No way.Auf keinem Fall. – Absolutely not.Wir sind damit einverstanden. - We agree on that.Ich bin fà ¼r/gegen ... – I am for/against ...Ich bin pro/contra ... – I am for/against ...D a liegen Sie và ¶llig falsch. – Youre completely wrong with that.So ein Quatsch/Was fà ¼r ein Blà ¶dsinn! – What nonsense/rubbish! Expressing Indifference Das ist mir egal.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Its all the same to me/I dont care.Es ist mir và ¶llig gleichgà ¼ltig. – I dont care at all.Das macht mir nichts aus. – It doesnt matter to me.Macht nichts. – Doesnt matter.Das ist mir wurscht. – I couldnt care less.Ich habe nichts dagegen. – I have nothing against it.Meinetwegen †¦ – As far as Im concerned ...Von mir aus †¦ - As far as Im concerned ...   Asking for Somebodys Opinion Was halten Sie von †¦? – What do you think of ...?Was denken Sie à ¼ber ....? – What do you think about ...?Wie ist Ihre Meinung à ¼ber ...?  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ What is your opinion on ...?Wie ist Ihre Ansicht à ¼ber ...? – What is your view on ...?Wie finden Sie ...? – What do you think of ...?Sind Sie der Meinung, dass ...? – Are you of the opinion of/that ...?Sind Sie der Ansicht, dass ...? – Are you of the view that ...?

The rule in Salomon v Salomon & Co [1897] AC 22 has been described as Essay - 5

The rule in Salomon v Salomon & Co [1897] AC 22 has been described as one of the corner stones of English Company Law. Discuss the rationale and impact of the decision on company law - Essay Example However, this paper argues that such balance has positive implications. The House of Lords decision in the case was good. At various general levels, Salomons case had universal recognition of the authority and principle where corporations were separate legal entities. Cases of this nature had firm establishment of incorporation, and new as well as separate artificial entities came to existence. From a legal perspective, corporations are distinct persons that have their personality independent of and distinct from the persons forming it, invested money in it, and directed and managed the operations (MÃ ¤ntysaari, 2006, p 34). The identity that corporations are separate legal entities in their right forms grounds for modern corporate law such as in Department of Trade and Industry v MacLaine Watson & Co Ltd. Every legal system that attains various levels of maturity appears to enjoy compulsion by the increasing complexities of human affairs and creation of persons without human characteristics. Consistency with such observation illustrates that various central and essential notions that give logical symmetry in industrial feudalism are personification of industrial enterprises. The support awarded to principles of legal personality separateness is shared among academic commentators and are unbroken into judicial and legislative circles (Ferran & Ho, 2014, p 312). The principle has enshrined depictions in section 124 in Corporations Act. The judiciary has consistent reaffirmations of the need of treating the legal doctrine with few exceptions. Subsequent Australian and English decisions of the court uphold the Salomon principle. Since Salomons case had the decision, the entire separation of company and members is rather evident. The ruling stands the test of time even with few exceptions (Routledge. 2010, p 352). In theory,

Music and Pornography Censorship Research Paper

Music and Pornography Censorship - Research Paper Example Censorship refers to a practice whereby public communication or speech is suppressed, particularly if it is regarded as harmful, objectionable, or sensitive by media outlets, governments, as well as other regulatory bodies. Various reasons lead to censoring on public content since the responsible bodies believe they contribute to immorality (Cloonan and Drewett 11). The various reasons that lead to censoring of content include pornography, obscenities, hate speeches, need to safeguard young children, enhance national security, or restrict or promote religious or political views. Various forms of censorship prevail in the current society. Any content is subject to censorship based on people’s location or activities taking place in a country (Chapman and Ciment 5). The media on the internet, radio, television, movies, books, and music are subject to censorship. Censorship is implemented in different forms every day. For example, music and pornography are among the key media type s, which censorship is exercised (Jones 18).

Juvenile Justice-Child Abuse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Juvenile Justice-Child Abuse - Assignment Example Instead, the increase is as a result of inadequate funding from the government. Many states have insufficient finances to carry out effective protection of child rights. The increase of child abuse cases since 2007 can be attributed to the 2008 economic crisis (Spencer, 2009). Child abuse cases are under recorded in the United States because of the federal government’s definition of abuse deaths. The federal government treats fatal cases of child abuse as negligence of the caregiver rather than maltreatment. Most cases, which involve the abuse of children, go unrecorded in government statistics due to this technicality. The undercounting of the abused children is another clear indication that cases of child abuse are rising in America (ECM 2010). In the United States, there are restrictive confidentiality laws. These laws have shielded access to information on child abuse cases. Elected officials or journalists cannot access or cover the stories of particular child abuses because of the restrictive laws. These restrictive laws were initially meant to protect the privacy of abused children. These laws have, therefore, contributed significantly to the under recording of child abuse cases (ECM