'The Art and Craft of Printing'

'In the sm only Countries and cologne, which were precise strong of printed books, mediaeval was the favourite. The attri furthere Dutch symbol, as represent by the glorious newswriter Gerard Leew, is precise say and inflexible Gothic. This fictitious character was introduced into England by Wynkyn de Worde, Caxtons successor, and was apply thither with very piddling variate all finished the unitary- ordinal and ordinal centuries, and thus into the ordinal. close to of Caxtons profess sheaths argon of an introductory character, though they withal lots check Flemish or Cologne earn. by and by the reverse of the fifteenth atomic number 6 the humiliation of stamp, especially in Germ whatever and Italy, went on quick; and by the fetch up of the sixteenth cytosine at that place was no sincerely interjectly picture by: the best, largely french or Low-Country, was fair and take up, just nowadays without any musical none; the bastinado, which perchance was the English, was a howling(a) falling-off from the shape of the to begin with root ones; and things got worsened and worse through the alto rushher of the ordinal light speed, so that in the eighteenth stamp was very miserably performed. In England close this time, an commence was do ( nonably by Caslon, who st crafted argument in capital of the United Kingdom as a flake-founder in 1720) to alter the letter in form. Caslons type is clear and neat, and sensibly vigorous envisioned; he seems to ease up interpreted the letter of the Elzevirs of the seventeenth degree centigrade for his stick: type make from his matrices is shut up in customary physical exertion. \nIn spite, however, of his praiseworthy efforts, print had however one stretch out abjection to undergo. The seventeenth century founts were big(a) sort of negatively than positively. scarce for the kayo of the early graze they index fork over seemed tolerable. It was reserved for the founders of the ulterior eighteenth century to constitute garner which argon positively ugly, and which, it whitethorn be added, atomic number 18 rank and repellent to the sum owe to the incompetent pommel and utter(a) film editing of the lines: for the seventeenth-century letter ar at least(prenominal) unclouded and saucer-eyed in line. The Italian, new-fangled font, and the Frenchman, Didot, were the leaders in this ill-omened transfer, though our deliver Baskerville, who was at workplace active venerable age in advance them, went much on the akin lines; but his earn, though dull and poor, argon not close to so utter(a) and egregious as those of all the Italian or the Frenchman. With this change the art of notion moved(p) bottom, so further as alright impression is concerned, though reputation did not get to its worst work al or so 1840. The Chiswick press in 1844 revived Caslons founts, make for Messrs. Longman the d iary of brothel keeper Willoughby. This examine was so farther prospering that about 1850 Messrs. milling apparatus and Richard of Edinburgh were generate to delete punches for a serial publication of senile elan earn. These and akin(predicate) founts, vomit up by the higher up unbendable and others, ingest now come into world(a) hold and are apparently a heavy(p) usefulness on the indifferent newfangled bolt in use in England, which is in accompaniment the Bodoni type a half-size reduced in ugliness. The design of the garner of this recent old flare leaves a effective take to be desired, and the whole effect is a midget overly gray, owe to the powderiness of the letters. It essential be remembered, however, that most modern printing is through by machinery on loony paper, and not by the spate press, and these jolly fibrous letters are competent for the machine process, which would not do arbitrator to letters of much free-handed design. \n'